铁路利用新能源和可再生能源潜力分析

A Study on Potential for Using New Energy and Renewable Energy Sources in Railways

铁路是公认的绿色低碳型交通运输方式,同时铁路牵引用电可大范围地使用新能源和可再生能源电力,且在非牵引用能方面也可以做到规模化使用新能源和可再生能源提供的电能和各种热能等。铁路电气化率是决定其新能源和可再生能源电力利用程度的主要因素,中国电气化铁路里程已超过6.5×104km,居世界第一位,到2020年我国铁路电气化率有望达到或者超过70%。而从全球来看,电力牵引发展空间相当大,这就为新能源和可再生能源的规模化应用创造了坚实的技术平台。在非牵引领域,由于铁路沿线站段比较多,且规模较大,用能比较集中,再加上沿线的设备用能,为新能源和可再生能源利用创造了条件。中国铁路行业比较早就开始研究、开发和推广利用新能源和可再生能源技术,目前应用的种类主要包括太阳能、地源热泵、空气源热泵。借助于新能源和可再生能源,铁路有可能成为各行业中率先实现大面积低碳化或无碳化的探路者,而这还需要相关政策的进一步完善和强有力支持。

The railway is a widely recognized low-carbon means of transport and new energy and renewable energy sources can be used on a large scale for rail traction.Also,the power and various forms of heat provided by new energy and renewable energy sources can be used massively for non-traction purposes.The share of electrified railways is the main factor determining the utilization of new energy and renewable energy in railways.The total length of electrified railways in China has exceeded 6.5 ×104km,the longest worldwide.The share of electrified railways in China is expected to reach or even exceed 70% by 2020.Worldwide,electric traction has an enormous room for further development,creating a sound technical platform for a large-scale application of new energy and renewable energy sources.As for non-traction applications,as there are usualy a lot of large stations along a railway,energy use is intensive.This,plus the power need from equipmet along the line,creates conditions for the use of new energy and renewable energy sources.China be-gan researching,developing and utilizing new energy and renewable energy sources in its railways a long time ago and the main energy sources used include solar energy,ground source heat pumps and air source heat pumps.With the use of new energy and renewable energy sources,the railway industry can become the first industry to explore low-carbon or carbon-free growth as a pathfinder although this still requires the further improvement of relevant policies and a strong policy support.