论行政行为“明显不当”

What is an “Obviously Improper”Administrative Act

2014年行政诉讼法修改增加了"明显不当"这一审查根据,法院对行政裁量合理性的审查由此得到立法确认。行政诉讼法总则维持了合法性审查的表述,体现了"实质合法"的观念,在此意义上,行政行为明显不当也属于违法。为维护司法审查根据之间的和谐,明显不当根据的适用范围最好限于针对行政行为处理方式问题的裁量;滥用职权根据则回归原位,限于行政机关违背法律目的、恶意行使权力的情形。行政行为是否"不当",应当依据法定考虑因素、行政法原则、执法指南等相对客观的标准作出判断,执法者不能放弃其根据具体情境作出裁量的义务。裁量不当是否"明显",应当以一个通情达理、了解情况的人为标准来判断,要注意给行政机关以充足的裁量空间。法院在承担起监督行政职责的同时,也要对行政裁量予以应有的尊让。

With ＂obvious improperness＂ as a ground for judicial review being provided for in the Chinese Administrative Litigation Law in 2014, administrative discretion will no longer be immune to the court＇ s review. However, the nature, scope and extent of such review are still to be discussed. In this article, the author argues that such issues should be understood in the entire context of the Chinese legal structure. An obviously improper administrative act is, in nature, an unlawful act. This standard applies only to the discretionary measures adopted by an agency in dealing with a case, but not to the issues of jurisdiction, procedure or evidence. The court may use legal principles, law enforcement guidelines, precedents and so on, to judge whether the act in question is proper or not. While bold in exercising its review power, the court should also give sufficient deference to administrative agency in case it improperly intervenes into administrative management.