革兰氏阴性菌外膜囊泡作为亚单位疫苗的研究进展

Advances in outer membrane vesicles of gram-negative bacteria as sub-unit vaccines-A review

外膜囊泡(OMVs,Outer membrane vesicles)是一种在革兰氏阴性菌甚至某些革兰氏阳性菌中普遍存在的包含生物学活性物质的囊泡状结构,其大小在20–250 nm之间。其组成成分包括脂多糖、外膜蛋白、磷脂、DNA以及在形成过程中被外膜包裹的周质成分等。由于外膜囊泡不能复制且含有大量的细菌抗原,并能有效激活免疫系统,所以被认为是极具潜力的疫苗候选。虽然外膜囊泡从发现至今有50多年的历史,但针对其作为疫苗的潜力探究最近几年才开始,中国关于这方面的文献报道还很少。本文从外膜囊泡诱导免疫应答的机制以及其作为疫苗的研究进展两个方面概述了外膜囊泡可以作为一种新颖的防控疾病的疫苗策略,为今后外膜囊泡疫苗的深入研究提供参考。

Outer membrane vesicles（OMVs） are vesicle-like structures, widely present in gram-negative bacteria and even in some gram-positive bacteria. OMVs contain biological active substances and their sizes are normally between 20 to 250 nm. Components of OMVs include lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane protein, phospholipids, DNA, as well as the periplasmic components produced during their formation. OMVs are non-viable vesicles that contain multiple antigenic proteins from the bacterial outer membrane, and are capable of activating the immune system,therefore they are considered to be potential vaccine candidates. Although outer membrane vesicles were discoverd more than 50 years ago, hardly any reports were published in China. In this review, we summarized the progress of outer membrane vesicles as a novel strategy for disease prevention and control in two aspects： the mechanism of the outer membrane vesicle-induced immune response and the advances in OMVs vaccine. This review provides some information on outer membrane vesicles as vaccine development.