双重书写:非母语再创与译入语创译——以葛浩文英译阿来《格萨尔王》为例

Double Writing: Recreation and Translation of King Gesar—With Special Reference of Goldblatt's English Translation

藏族英雄史诗《格萨尔王》经口头传承和文本书写多渠道民间创作和多元文化共同模塑流传至今。藏族作家阿来以汉语写作方式对《格萨尔王》进行再创,其作为重述神话的《格萨尔王》小说汉语本又由美国翻译家葛浩文翻译为英语。文章以民族史诗《格萨尔》的故事新编与异域传承为个案,通过对阿来重塑神话的非母语再创实践与葛浩文其人其译对当代中国文学经由英语翻译走向世界的描述,分析了民族史诗在由藏语母体到汉语文本再到英语文本的非母语再创和译入语创译的双重书写和二度翻译中,文本经历的多重阐释与文化转码,探析了在重塑神话的文学实践话语以及中国文学"走出去"的国家话语中,类似于再创与创译的双重书写对中国文学"走出去"的理论价值与实践意义。

As a typical epic from Chinese minority traditions, King Gesar is a lengthy heroic epic which demonstrates a process of multi-channel folk creation encompassing text transcription and oral transmission, as well as that of multicultural co-molding at large. Alai, a famous Tibetan writer in Chinese, reshaped King Gesar into a novel in Chinese according to the project of Remodeling Myth launched a couple of years ago in China and across the world. Alai's King Gesar(in Chinese) was later translated into English by Howard Goldblatt, a famous American translator of contemporary Chinese literature. Taking the double writing of the Tibetan epic as a case study, which is the rewriting from native-Tibetan into non-native Chinese by Alai and then translation into English by Howard Goldblatt, a process full of recreations and retranslations, the present article explores the multiple text interpretations and cultural transmissions of the original Tibetan epic in the course of double writing and retranslation from the perspectives of translation studies, as well as the great potentials for the interpretations and transmissions of ethnic epics against the background of discourses on Remodeling Myth and state Going Global strategy for Chinese Literature. Thereupon the theoretical value and practical significance of such strategies as double writing and creative translation will be highlighted as well, especially with relevance to Going Global strategy for Chinese literature.