小儿肺炎继发性腹泻危险因素分析及综合护理

Risk factors of secondary diarrhea in children with pneumonia and application of comprehensive nursing

目的：探讨小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的危险因素,分析四位一体式综合护理的效果。方法：选取2013年5月~2015年4月我院就诊的386例肺炎患儿,其中发生继发性腹泻128例,对小儿肺炎继发性腹泻发生的相关危险因素进行分析。同时将128例继发性腹泻者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各64例。对照组予以常规护理治疗,观察组予以常规护理、饮食护理、心理护理、健康宣教四位一体式综合护理治疗,比较两组护理疗效。结果：发病年龄、使用抗生素、抗生素使用时间、联合使用抗生素、侵入性操作以及住院时间是肺炎患儿发生继发性腹泻的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。观察组第1天显效42例,第2天16例,第3天及以上6例;对照组第1天显效9例,第2天34例,第3天及以上的21例;观察组护理效果显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：发病年龄过低、使用抗生素、抗生素使用时间较长、联合使用抗生素、接受侵入性操作、住院时间长是患儿肺炎继发性腹泻的危险因素,进行综合护理可及时控制患儿腹泻,值得临床推广。

Objective： To investigate the risk factors of secondary diarrhea in children with pneumonia,and evaluate the effects of comprehensive nursing.Methods： 386 child cases of pneumonia treated in our hospital between May 2013 and April 2015 were included and divided into diarrhea group and nondiarrhea group. Then 128 cases in the secondary diarrhea were random Ly subgrouped into observational group and control group（ n = 54 for each）,and the risk factors for the secondary diarrhea were analyzed. Children in the control group received conventional nursing,whereas the observational group were given comprehensive nursing,including diet nursing,psychological nursing and health education on the routine nursing basis. The effects of nursing were compared between the two groups. Results： The age of onset,use and duration of antibiotics,history of combined antibiotics and invasive operation as well as hospital stay were independent risk factors for the incidence of secondary diarrhea（ P〈0. 05）. The marked effectiveness was 42 cases by the first day,16 by the second day and 6 after the third day in the observational group; and 9,34 and 21 in the control group,respectively. The effect was significantly better in the observational group than the control group（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： The low age of onset,use and duration of antibiotics,history of combined antibiotics and invasive operation as well as length of hospital stay are risk factors for the incidence of secondary diarrhea in children with pneumonia,yet comprehensive nursing can effectively control the diarrhea,suggesting that this nursing practice is worthy of clinical recommendation.