从权力技术到主体修行——福柯晚期思想的伦理—诗学之维

From Technology of Power to Askēsis of Subject:The thopoiēsis of Later Foucault

福柯曾经从知识考古学及权力谱系学视角对我们的现时当下进行了细致入微的分析与诊断,而福柯晚期对古代哲学的解读使他的诊断工作向前推进了重要一步:主体性实践开始成为福柯不可化约的研究向度;同时,福柯将哲学话语的诊断功能重新界定为对权力、知识与主体性相互之间关系的反思。福柯晚期对古代哲学的探讨并非是对史料的钩沉爬梳,而是对一种体现为"精神品性"的主体性及主体化模式的描述。福柯晚期思想本身呈现出"品性塑造"或"伦理—诗学"之维,这是一种借助哲学"修行"进行的思想实验和自我转变,并给那些致力于哲学事业的后来者提供改变自我、塑造自我之经验。

In his early academic career, Foucault made a profound analysis of our present from the dimensions of ＂archeology of knowledge＂ and ＂genealogy of power＂. But, the later Foucault pushed the problematic of ＂subjectivity＂ to the foreground from the background, through his reading of ancient philosophies in the 1980s. Meanwhile, through excavation of the ancient world, Foucault treated philosophical discourse as the diagnosis of the relationship between power, knowledge and subjectivity. This article ar- gues that the later Foucault＇s main concern is to excavate a new mode of subject and sub- jectivation which is characterized as ＂ethos＂ in order to illuminate a stylistic way of liv- ing. Foucault＇s study of the ancient philosophy presents itself as a work of ＂ethopoi6sis＂ or ＂ethic-poetic＂, which is an exercise and experience of thinking experiment and self- transformation through philosophical ＂askesis＂, offering the experience of subject-for- mation to those who would come into contact with his work.