卡斯特马克思主义城市批判理论的消费逻辑

On the Consumption Logic of Castells' Critical Urban Theory

卡斯特的马克思主义城市批判理论是20世纪后半叶城市社会学领域的一次重要变革,它以结构马克思主义的方法挑战了主流城市社会学的合法性基础,以集体消费的概念重构了城市社会学的理论对象,并借助集体消费的结构性矛盾延伸了马克思的资本主义危机理论,建构了一个较为严谨的马克思主义政治经济学的城市版本。该版本转换了马克思的生产逻辑,重新以消费的逻辑解析了西方资本主义国家的城市危机,在福特主义时代具有较好的解释力。但消费逻辑所隐含的消费决定论,从根本上违背了马克思关于生产决定消费的基本逻辑,无形中阉割了马克思主义的科学性,随着新自由主义的兴起,它的影响力日渐式微,并最终使卡斯特放弃了马克思主义的激进立场。

Manuel Castells＇ critical urban theory is an important revolution in the field of urban sociology in the second halfof the 20 th century. It challenges the legitimate foundation of the mainstream of urban sociology with the methods of the structuralist Marxism. It reconstructs the theoretical objects of urban sociology and extends Marx＇s theory on the crisis of capitalismwith the structural contradiction of collective consumption. Castells＇ critical urban theory has constructed a more rigorous urbanversion of Marxist political economics. It transforms Marxian production logic and analyzes the urban crisis of western capitalistcountries with the logic of consumption, which has a better explanatory power in Fordist era. However, the consumption determinism implied in consumption logic fundamentally violates the production decision of Marxism, intangibly castrating the scientificityof Marxism. With the rise of neo-liberalism, the influence of Castells＇ critical urban theory has declined, forcing Castells to abandon his radical position of Marxism.