医学本科生学习适应性及其影响因素的研究

Study on Learning Adaptability and Its Influencing Factors of Medical Undergraduates

目的探索医学本科生学习适应性水平及影响其学习行为的相关因素,为干预影响医学生学习适应性及学习行为的不良因素,提高医学本科大学生的学习兴趣及效率提出意见和建议。方法采用分层整群抽样法按专业和年级分层,选取某医科大学相关专业大一及大三学生共1 041人为研究对象。采用《大学生学习适应性量表》、《青少年生活事件量表》和《匹兹堡睡眠指数》量表进行问卷调查。结果本次调查共发放问卷1 041份,录入有效问卷974份,问卷有效率为97.50%。不同性别间,学习动机(Z=-2.802)、学习态度(Z=-3.738)、教学模式(Z=-2.899)及学习适应性总分(Z=-2.981)间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同民族间,学习动机(Z=-4.142)、教学模式(Z=-4.774)、环境因素(Z=-4.789)及学习能力因子(Z=-4.310)间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同专业间,学习动机、学习态度、教学模式、学习能力和学习适应性总分间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同专业间,学习动机(χ2=28.916)、学习态度(χ2=52.295)、教学模式(χ2=34.111)、学习能力(χ2=22.808)和学习适应性总分(χ2=28.784)间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年级间仅学习态度因子(Z=-3.011)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。人际关系因子(r=-0.217)、学习压力因子(r=-0.198)、受惩罚因子(r=-0.241)、丧失因子(r=-0.160)、健康适应因子(r=-0.245)。其他因子(r=-0.301)及PSQI(r=-0.246)得分与大学生学习适应性行为成负相关。结论女生学习适应性较男生好,少数民族学生学习动机和学习能力较汉族学生好,临床医学专业学生学习适应性较好,青少年生活负性事件的发生与睡眠障碍均可降低学习适应性。

Objective To explore the adaptability of medical students and the related factors that affect their learning behavior,in order to improve the learning adaptability and learning behavior of medical students,and to improve the learning interest and efficiency of medical undergraduates.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used in the professional and grade levels,a total of 1041 subjects were selected from the first grade and grade three students of a medical university.A questionnaire survey was conducted in the college students learning adaptability scale,ASLEC,and PSQI.Results The survey was distributed 1041 questionnaires,974valid questionnaires,the effective rate of97.50%.There were significant differences in learning motivation（Z=-2.802）,learning attitude（Z=-3.738）,teaching mode（Z=-2.899）and learning adaptability（Z=-2.981）in different gender,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.01）;There were significant differences in learning motivation（Z=-4.142）,teaching mode（Z=-4.774）,environmental factor（Z=-4.789）and learning ability factor（Z=-4.310）among different ethnic groups（P〈0.01）;There were significant differences in learning motivation（χ2=28.916）,learning attitude（χ2=52.295）,teaching mode（χ2=34.111）,learning ability（χ2=22.808）and learning adaptability score（χ2=28.784）among the difference professional（P〈0.01）;There were significant differences in learning attitude factor（Z=-3.011）between different grades（P〈0.01）.Interpersonal factor（r=-0.217）,learning pressure factor（r=-0.198）,penalty factor（r=-0.241）,loss factor（r=-0.160）,health adaptive factor（r=-0.245）.Other factors（r=-0.301）and PSQI（r=-0.246）scores were negatively correlated with the learning adaptability of College students.Conclusion Girls learning adaptability was better than boys,the learning motivation and learning ability of minority students were better than other students,clinical medical students learning adaptability was better,the occurrence of negative events in the life of the teenagers and the sleep disturbance could reduce the learning adaptability.