印度北极事务论

On India's Arctic Affairs

自2007年始,印度正式参与到北极事务中来。北极冰川消融引起的印度洋气候环境变化、北极存在大量的战略资源、北极航道的广袤前景以及大国地缘竞争战略都是印度参与北极事务的原因。印度政府在北极事务上秉持谨慎且积极的态度。它通过推动北极科研来提升北极事务话语权,通过谋求与俄罗斯的北极能源合作来分享北极经济利益,通过营造与北极国家的总体良好关系来争取北极外交作为。2013年印度获准成为北极理事会观察员国后,实则已由"利益攸关"的旁观者变成了具备"边缘影响力"的参与者。印度将通过利用北极理事会观察员国的"身份红利"、搞好北极科研这项"主体性"工作、推进与北欧四国的北极事务协作、维护以现有国际法为基础的北极治理体系这四方面规划来拓展北极利益。对于参与北极事务已近9年并有不俗表现的印度来说,到了正式出台北极战略的时候了。印度北极战略应该强调自身参与活动的法制依据和价值准则,应该指出北极事务中科学工作的主体地位和能源合作的紧迫性。同时,从国家对象方面看,印度北极战略除了要突出俄罗斯的能源合作地位、挪威的科研促进作用外,还要强调与中国合作的必要性、重要性与实施方略。这是现实和明智的选择。

Since 2007, India has officially participated in the Arctic affairs. The reasons that led to the participation of India include climatic and environmental changes in Indian Ocean caused by the melting of the Arctic glacier, a large number of strategic resources in the Arctic, the broad prospects of the Arctic passage and geopolitical competition strategy of great power. India takes a cautious and positive attitude towards the Arctic affairs. It is to promote the discourse power of the Arctic affairs through advan- cing the Arctic scientific research, sharing the interests of the Arctic economy by seeking the Arctic energy cooperation with Rus- sia, and gaining the advantage of the Arctic diplomacy by building a good relationship with the Arctic countries. In 2013, when India became an observer state of the Arctic Council, it had become a participant ＂with the marginal influence＂ from the ＂stake- holders＂ actually. In order to expand the interests in the Arctic, India will take advantage of the ＂status bonus＂ of the observer state of the Arctic Council, do a good job in the Arctic Research, promote cooperation with the four Nordic countries in the Arc- tic affairs, and maintain the Arctic governance system based on existing international law. It＇s time to formally introduce the Arc- tic strategy for India which has participated in the Arctic affairs for nearly 9 years and achieved good results. India＇s Arctic strate- gy should emphasize its legal basis and value criterion, and it should point out that the main position of the scientific work in the Arctic affairs and the urgency of the energy cooperation. From the perspective of national objects, India＇s Arctic strategy should not only highlight the Russia＇s status on energy cooperation, Norway＇s role in promoting scientific research, but also stress the necessity, importance and general plan of cooperation with china. This will be a realistic and wise choice.