近30年江苏省水稻抽穗灌浆期低温冷害时空变化及对水稻产量的影响

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Chilling Injury at Rice Heading～Filling Stage and Its Influence on Rice Yield in Jiangsu Province in Recent 30 Years

利用江苏省14个气象站点1981～2010年的气象资料,采用Excel和GIS反距离权重插值法,研究了江苏省近30年单季稻抽穗灌浆期低温冷害的时空变化特征,并分析了低温冷害对水稻产量的影响。结果表明：江苏省近30年来单季稻抽穗灌浆期的总冷害次数达155次,其中轻度冷害109次,中度冷害28次,重度冷害18次,以轻度冷害为主;在时间尺度上,以20世纪80年代冷害频次最多,之后20年呈减少趋势;在空间分布上,除轻度冷害在20世纪80年代呈＂北少南多＂的特征外,中等冷害及重度冷害在30年里多呈＂北多南少＂的特征;江苏省单季稻抽穗灌浆期累计低温对产量的抑制作用不显著。综合来看,近30年来江苏省水稻抽穗灌浆期低温冷害的危险性较小,其对水稻产量的影响不大。

The article used the meteorology data of 14 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010 in Jiangsu province,studied the temporal and spatial variation characteristic of rice chilling injuries during its heading stage and filling stage for 30 years in Jiangsu province with excel and the method of IDW（ Inverse distance weight）,and analyzed the influence on yield caused by chilling injuries. The results showed that the time of total chilling injuries for 30 years during single-season rice＇s heading stage and chilling stage in Jiangsu province was 155,including 109 mild chilling injuries,28 moderate chilling injuries and 18 severe chilling injuries,the mild chilling injury was the maximum number of occurrences. Judging from the temporal and spatial characteristic of rice chilling injuries,the chilling injuries account of 1980 s was the most time,and in the later 20 years,the chilling injuries showed a decreasing tendency. From the point of different level chilling injuries＇ temporal and spatial characteristic,the mild chilling injuries showed a increasing tendency from north to south of Jiangsu province apart from 1980 s,the chilling injuries of three levels almost showed a decreasing tendency from north to south of Jiangsu province. The yield made a non-significant reaction on cumulative temperature during the heading stage and chilling stage of single-season rice in Jiangsu province. The risk of chilling injuries during single-season rice＇s heading stage and filling stage for 30 years in Jiangsu province was low,the damage of on yield from chilling injuries was little.