也谈“存在句”的定义

A Research on Definition of“Existential Sentences”

从语义上看,"存在句"作为汉语中的一种特殊句式,应是"存现句"的一个下位类型。从句法结构上看,其完整的句法结构应为"处所名词+有/是/V+名词",对于一般"处所名词+V+名词"类存在句不但要看它的句法结构,还要根据上下文语境才能确定,如果说话人侧重于叙事,则是一般的叙事句,如果侧重于描写存在状态,就是存在句。一个句子句首主语位置上不是处所名词而是时间名词时,只有在句首主语位置上也能够明确地补出处所方位词语时才能看作"存在句",否则则不是。

from the semantic point of view,the existential sentences as a special sentence pattern should be a lower type of＂sentences of existing and appearing＂in Chinese.From syntactic structure point of view,when there is no space expressions as subject in the beginning of a sentence,temporal words appear alone in the subject position,unless in the subject position space expressions can also be clearly fill out,otherwise not be seen as＂Existential Sentences＂.