浙东士人妈祖书写的人文精神

The Humanistic Spirit Practiced by Mazu in East Zhejiang Province

妈祖信仰是一种赢得封建统治阶层长期尊崇的民间文化,是中国从内陆农耕文明走向海洋文明的海洋文化和贸易文化,也是一种融少女崇拜、母亲崇拜为一体的尚女文化。作为毗邻妈祖文化发祥地的浙江特别是浙东地区,其马祖信仰也源远流长,成为福建之外马祖文化积淀较为丰厚的地区之一。面对这一久远的民间信仰趋势,浙东精英士大夫群体或顺应妈祖信仰推动各方与民间社会的仰重期待,或自居这一趋势的疏离自外者甚至反对者,展开多方面的妈祖书写;不论以宗教信仰还是以历史理性为本位,均体现出一定的人文精神。

The Mazu belief is a folk culture which was long respected by the feudal ruling class; it was a marine culture and trade culture when China changed form inland agricultural civilization into ocean civilization,and a female worship culture which included girl worship and mother worship. In Zhejiang province,especially East Zhejiang province,which is adjacent to the birthplace of Mazu culture,the Mazu belief has a long history and has become one of the richest areas of Mazu culture heritage besides Fujian province. In the face of the old folk belief trend,the elite intellectuals of East Zhejiang province are trying to rewrite on Mazu either by adapting themselves to the Mazu belief to promote the belief expectancy of all societies or by labeling themselves as the followers of the trend to alienate the outsiders or opponents. Their rewritings exhibit a certain humanistic spirit by following or repelling the Mazu belief based on religious belief or historic rationality.