明清浙江中心地交流与中介型小城镇的崛兴——以宁绍平原为样本

The Communication in Central Areas of Zhejiang Province and the Development of Transitional Townlets during the Ming and Qing Dynasties Illustrated by Ningbo-Shaoxing Plain

明清宁波府与绍兴府之间存在着密切的中心地交流,其路线受自然因素影响而定址于"管状路径"。在管状路径上生出了一批附着于水陆交通线的中介型小城镇。通勤(能力)、匪患等不安全因素制约、商贸需求的延宕及交通枢纽制约是时间地理学视角下有关中介型小城镇阜盛的发展基本原因。明清宁绍之间的中介型小城镇存在着因距中心地远近而导致的发育成熟度差别,这也左右着管状路径内小城镇的发展及其于中心地的格局联系。"五口通商"后,既有的中介型小城镇联系格局被打破。民国现代交通的大变局使明清宁绍间中介型小城镇出现出路分化,部分入城市,部分退化殆亡。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,there was close communication of central areas between Ningbo and Shaoxing prefectures,whose paths were like tubes,influenced by the natural factors. Along paths came the connective townlets,depending on the land and water transportation. In the view of time geography,the rise of townlets is restrained by such factors as the communing capabilities of the paths,dangerous banditry,delayed trade and transportation hubs. During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the gap between townlets and central areas not only led to the differences in the development of the townlets,but also decided the communication between the central areas and townlets within the tube-like paths. After the trading ports in 1842,the then existing pattern of townlets＇ communication was broken. The transformation of transportation in the Republic of China gave rise to the differentiation of the connective townlets. Some merged into nearby cities; some degenerated and vanished.