中国近代技术教育的推动因素与基本特征

Motivating Factors and Essential Features of Modern Technical Education in China

中国近代技术教育发端于洋务运动时期,包括西方外部、清政府统治集团内部、资本主义思潮以及近代有识之士等推动因素,派遣留学生、政府部门主持创办新式学堂、组织译介西方书籍、聘任外籍专家等主要方式。中国近代技术教育具有评价体制的积极与怠慢、发展运行的鼓励与限制、历史使命的救国与图存、教育与经济基础的依赖与分立、理论与实践的联系与脱节、工具理性与价值理性的对立与统一、人文价值观念的推崇与迷失等基本特征,在思想启蒙、人才培养和科研发展等层面产生重要影响。近代技术教育是现代技术教育发展的前期基础,从人的发展、技术教育发展以及时代发展等维度总结近代技术教育积累的经验,方显其研究价值。

China＇s modern technical education began with the Westernization movement,motivated by the West,the Qing dynasty,the capitalist trend and some far-sighted people. It includes sending overseas students,establishing new schools by the government,translating Western books and hiring foreign experts to introduce Western learning. In China＇s modern technical education,they were both active and neglectful in the evaluation system.There were both limitation and encouragement in the development,national salvation and survival in historical mission,interdependence and separation in education and economy,connection and disjoint in theory and practice,opposition and unity in instrumental rationality and value rationality,favor and loss of humanist values,which generated great influence on ideological enlightenment,talent cultivation and research development. China＇s modern technical education is of important value to research. Summarizing its experience from the dimensions of human development,technical education development,and development of the times is of great significance.