外商直接投资的经济增长、就业与工资的交互效应——基于省级面板数据的实证研究

The interaction effects of economic growth, employment and wage of FDI——Empirical study based on provincial panel data

本文基于1994—2013年制造业的省级面板数据,通过构建一个开放经济的实证模型,采用差分矩估计的方法(GMM)实证研究了外商直接投资的经济增长、就业与工资的交互效应,进一步解释FDI经济效应的非均衡特征。研究结果显示:总体上来看,外商直接投资在拉动经济增长和缓解就业压力方面的效应显著,但对我国的工资效应不显著。从分地区来看,东部地区的外商直接投资对促进经济增加的作用较为明显,但对就业量的影响却显得较弱。中西部地区的外商直接投资对促进经济增长不是十分明显,但其创造了一定的就业岗位对促进剩余劳动力转移起到积极作用。因此,建议强化招商引资的结构导向,发挥其对经济增长、就业和工资的协同效应。

Based on provincial panel data from 1994 to 2013, this paper analyzes the interaction effect of FDI on economic growth, employment and wage to explain the unbalanced characteristics of the economic effect of FDI by building an empirical model of an open economy and using differential GMM methods. The results show that： overall, FDI promotes economic growth and eases the pressure of employment, but it has a negative impact on the level of wage. Regionally, FDI plays a significant role in promoting economic growth, but it doesn＇ t have a significant effect on employment in the east areas. FDI fails to bring economic growth in the central and west areas, but it creates a lot of jobs for the transfer of surplus labor force. Thus, we should strengthen the structure-oriented effects of investment attraction and exert the synergistic effect of FDI on economic growth, employment and wage.