论自由与伦理价值

On Liberty and Ethical Value

在归责伦理学视野里,正是自由使人这种存在者存在于可能性之中而永远面临着自主决断的生活,因而自由构成了一切伦理价值与伦理法则的基础。因为只有能够在自己的存在中打开多种可能性而能够进行自主决断,才存在应当不应当的问题,才出现相互性要求的自主关系,并因而能够且需要确立相互规约的法则。归责伦理学并非不重视美德伦理学所追求的美德,而是首先要为成就美德本身确立可靠的前提。人类在实践领域里启动从基于"知识"的美德伦理向基于自由的归责伦理的过渡,意味着开始了古典时代向现代性时代的过渡。在这个意义上,后者确立了现代性社会的价值原则。

In the ethics( theory) of responsibility attribution,human,as a being of liberty exists in possibility,must always make decision for himself independently. That is,liberty constitutes the theoretical basis of all values and laws of morality. Because when,and only when these behaviors that human being can open different possibilities and make independent decision occur,does the problem,if we ought to do something,exist,which means the independent relation between human beings is a mutual requirement,and some moral laws determined by them can be and has to be established. The ethics of responsibility attribution does not mean that it pays no attention to the virtues that virtue ethics has been seeking in theory,but to building a reliable foundation for the virtues themselves. This change in practical realm from virtue ethics built on knowledge to the ethics of responsibility attribution rooted in liberty has started the transition from the ancient time to modern era for human beings,which differs from ancient times totally,and has established its own value principles.