“传统”之合法性的构成——中国非物质文化遗产保护的话语分析

The Composition of the Legitimacy of Tradition——Discourse Analysis on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

传统在社会学、政治学等学科及现代民族国家的实践中一直被作为合法性的根源之一,但是在作为后发展民族国家的中国,作为传统的民众日常生活本身的合法性在20世纪初以来却一直处于一种吊诡状态,甚至在很长的一段时间内被从主流意识形态中摒除出去。直至非物质文化遗产保护运动形成了一个话语场域,透过对话重新确认了传统的合法性,在此场域内不同的文化主体可以交流、冲突、磨合、理解,并藉此形成意义的共享,朝向一个中国社会的公共文化体系。当然非物质文化遗产保护运动也必然受到传统概念中的本真性等的影响,这是所有的保护实践者必须认识并反思的。

In sociology,political sciences and the practice of modern country,tradition has been used as a source of legitimacy.But in China,as a developing nation state,the legitimacy of the tradition itself as people's daily life has been in a hanging paradoxical state since the beginning of the last century,and even in a very long period of time was excluded from the mainstream ideology.Not until the movement of safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage which forms a discourse field,the dialogue among different discourses reconfirm the legitimacy of the tradition.Different cultural subjects reach shared meanings toward a public cultural system of Chinese society through communication,conflict and mutual understanding.Of course,the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage is bound to be influenced by the nature of the concept of tradition,which all of the protection practitioners must recognize and reflect on.