“以心观心”是“二心”吗?——关于朱、陆之辨中意识自觉问题的辨正

Does One Mind Observing the Other One Mean Two Minds?—Self-Knowledge of Consciousness in Discussions between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan

道德意识能否自觉、自知问题在朱、陆之辨中占据重要地位。朱子将象山的道德直觉视为"以心观心"的"二心",并误会其与佛教等同而加以批判。事实上,意向性活动中的意识与对其进行反思的意识是不存在共时性的,道德直觉不是以此察彼地对意识进行对象性反思,而是在无思无虑中依靠道德直觉使本心自我呈现。

Whether or not moral consciousness can know itself plays an important role in the discussion between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan. The moral intuition was regarded by Zhu Xi as two minds, which means one mind observes the other, and was criticized by mistakenly considered equivalent to Buddhism. In fact, the consciousness of intentional activity and its reflection does not exist synchronously. Moral intuition is not the object reflection on consciousness as subject observing object, but the one that make the true ~ntention presents itself through the moral intuition in unconsciousness state.