论叙事学视阈中抒情诗的抒情主体

Lyric subject in lyric poetry in the narratological perspective

在叙事文本中,需要将叙述主体与文字主体,即叙述者与作者区分开来,并且不能将二者加以混淆;在抒情文本中,抒情主体和文字主体,即抒情人与诗人这一对应的区分同样是必要的。然而,抒情文本中抒情人与诗人的关系与叙事文本中叙述者和作者的关系有所不同。抒情诗中的抒情主体是一个具有自我自反性的主体,这一主体所表达的情感在很大程度上出自诗人本身;抒情诗中的抒情人大多涵盖在抒情情境之内,且大多是自身故事的抒情人。这一特征不仅表现在抒情文本中第一人称的广泛运用,也表现在抒情人与诗人本身有着千丝万缕的联系。这在中外古今大量抒情诗中都广泛表现出来。尽管自反性并不仅只在抒情诗中出现,但在诸多文学艺术作品中尤其是抒情诗中表现尤为突出。

It is necessary to distinguish the narrative subject from the literal subject in narrative texts, that is, to distinguish the narrator from the author. In lyric texts, this distinction, namely between the speaker and the poet, is also necessary. However, the relationship between the speaker and the poet in lyric texts is somewhat different from that between the narrator and the author in narrative texts. The lyric subject in lyric poetry is one with self-reflexivity, who expresses his or her emotions from the poet himself or herself to a great extent. The speaker in lyric poetry mostly is included in the lyric situation, and is an autodiegetic mostly. This characteristic finds expression not only in the wide application of the first person in lyric texts, but also in inextricable links between the speaker and the poet himself, which are clearly visible in lyric poetry, Chinese or foreign, ancient or modern. Although self-reflexivity is shown not only in lyric poetry, it is especially obvious in many literary and artistic works, especially in lyric poetry.