聚氨酯复合材料的研究进展

Research progress of polyurethane composites

采用纳米填料制备聚合物基复合材料是改善聚氨酯耐老化性能及耐沾污性,拓展其应用领域的一种重要手段。综述了聚氨酯与蒙脱土、石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米TiO_2、高岭土等无机材料制备的复合材料的研究进展。目前,这些复合材料大多停留在实验室研究阶段,应不断改进复合材料生产工艺,降低成本,尽快实现产业化;应解决和控制复合材料制备过程中有关粒子的分散与团聚问题;采用个性定制等方法实现聚氨酯复合材料性能的多功能化等是今后的主要研究方向。

Nano filler is used to prepare polymer based composites, which can improve the aging and stain resistance of polyurethane and extend its application. This paper reviews the research progress of the composites prepared by polyurethane with inorganic materials such as carbon nanotube, graphene, kaolinite, nano titanic oxide, and montmorillonite. It needs to improve the manufacturing process, reduce the costs to realize the industrialization of the materials which are still in laboratory research. In addition, the dispersion and agglomeration of the particles need to be controlled during preparation of the composites. Customization is used to achieve the multifunction of the polyurethane composites, which will be the future research direction.