国际分工体系的演进动因及启示

Evolution of the International Division of Labor System and Its Insight

综观国际分工演进史,以竞争手段攫取分工利益是国际分工演进的强大内驱力,以创新为标志的科技革命给国际分工的演进提供了物质基础和保障,跨国公司的广泛参与为当代国际分工的深化与发展提供了微观基础。在多重因素的助推下,国际分工不断发展和演进,逐渐形成了当今"三重国际分工"的格局。发达国家位居金字塔上部,总体呈下移趋势;新兴工业化国家和发展中国家位于金字塔中下部,总体呈上移趋势。不平等性是国际分工体系中国际价值转移的根本原因。对后发国家来说,比较优势是参与分工的前提,竞争优势是地位提升的关键;走自主创新为主、从干中学为辅的创新路线是培育竞争优势的主渠道;实现政府角色转变是培育国际竞争优势、提升国际分工地位的客观要求。

With a comprehensive review of the evolution of the international division of labor, using competitive means to grab the profits of the division of labor is a powerful driving force of the evolution of the international division of labor, the science and technology revolution marked by innovation provides material foundation and protection for the evolution of the international division of labor, and the wide participation of the multinational companies provides the primary-level foundation for the deepening and development of contemporary international division of labor. With the help of multiple factors, the international division of labor has developed and evolved gradually, forming the pattern of the ＂three-layered international division of labor＂. The developed countries are at the upper part of the pyramid, showing an overall downward trend; the emerging industrialized countries and developing countries are located in the middle to lower part of the pyramid, showing an overall upward trend. Inequality is the root cause of the transfer of international value in the international division of labor. For the late-starter countries, the comparative advantage is the premise of participation in the division of labor, and the competitive advantage is the key to enhancing the status; taking the innovation path of focusing on independent innovation and being supplemented by learning by doing is the main channel for cultivating the competitive advantage; and realizing the transformation of the role of government is the objective requirement for cultivating international competitive advantage and promoting the status of the international division of labor.