“帕奈”号事件的原因及后果

Causes and Consequences ＂Panay＂ Incident

1937年12月12日，日机炸沉“帕奈”号等美国船只的事件是日军故意所为，下仅日本海军，日本陆军也参与其中。日军攻击的动机十分明确：一是阻止任何被怀疑载有中国士兵的船只逃离南京，以实现在南京围歼中国军队的战略；二是以武力将西方人士赶出战区是日军上下持有的一种普遍的心态。“帕奈”号事件的解决方式对那些故意实施攻击的日本军人无疑是一种放纵，其隐含的逻辑是日军在南京清剿中国军队时不必理会外国机构，包括使领馆的特殊地位。对南京的中国军人和平民而言，这意味着惨遭屠杀、强奸、抢劫等。“帕奈”号事件是日军南京暴行重要组成部分。

December 12, 1937, Japanese aircraft deliberately sunk ＂ Panay＂ US ships and so on, not only the Japanese navy, the Japanese army were also involved. Japanese attack motive is very clear： First, stopping anyone suspected of carrying vessels fleeing Chinese soldiers getting away from Nanjing, to achieve strategy attacked China military ; Second, forcing Westerners out of the war theaterwas general state of mind of Japanese soilders. Solution of ＂Panay＂ Affair for those Japanese soldiers intentionally attacked was undoubtedly an indulgence, its implicit logic is the Japanese army suppressed China in Nanjing, which disregarded foreign institutions, including special status of embassies and consulates. For Nanjing Chinese soldiers and civilians, it means that the tragic massacres, rape, robbery and so on. ＂Panay＂ Affair is an important part of the Japanese atrocities in Nanjing.