Bt杀虫基因研究现状与趋势

Current Status and Research Trends of Bt Insecticidal Gene

Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)是一种革兰氏阳性昆虫病原菌,对哺乳动物等非靶标生物安全无害,cry基因、cyt基因、vip基因编码的杀虫蛋白是其主要活性物质.目前,Bt除了用作生物杀虫剂外,表达Bt杀虫蛋白的转基因抗虫植物也已经被广泛用于害虫的防治,Bt在应用方面取得的巨大成功,极大地促进了该领域的研究发展.本文对Bt杀虫基因克隆技术、Cry蛋白结构多样性、杀虫基因命名与专利保护、研究论文发表等现状与趋势进行分析,发现我国的Bt基础研究和应用基础研究已经与国际接轨,但是产业化明显滞后,企业投入偏少.从发展趋势来看,我国在该领域仍然有较大的发展空间,参考美国转基因作物产业化与企业创新产出的时序关系,随着我国转基因作物向产业化推进,企业的研究与创新将成为一个新的增长点.

Bt（Bacillus thuringiensis） is a gram-positive insect pathogen, safe to non-target organisms, such as mammals. The insecticidal proteins encoded by cry, cyt and vip gene are the main active components of Bt. Currently, besides biopesticides, insect resistant plants expressing Bt insecticidal protein also have been widely used for pest control. The application value of Bt greatly promoted the development of the research in this field. In this paper, we analyzed the current status and research trends of Bt insecticidal protein gene cloning, Cry structural diversity, insecticidal gene naming, patent protection and research papers published in these fields. We found that basic research and applied basic research of Bt in China have been in line with international standards, but the industrialization of Bt is slower and less businesses are invested. Therefore China still has larger development space in this field. According to the timing relationships between industrialization of GM crops and the output of enterprise innovation in the US, it is expected that with the industrialization of China GM crops, research and innovation from enterprises will be in a rapid growth.