DNA条形码技术在农林入侵害虫鉴定与溯源研究中的应用

Application of DNA Barcode Technique in Identifying and Tracing Invasive Pest Insects in Agriculture and Forestry

快速准确识别鉴定昆虫的方法在植物检疫中具有重要意义.长期以来,基于形态特征的入侵害虫鉴定研究由于经常遇到诸如幼期(包括卵、幼虫/若虫、蛹/前蛹/拟蛹),隐存种、复合种以及样本受损等情况,致使物种的快速准确鉴定陷入举步维艰的境地.DNA条形码技术的发展为上述问题的解决提供了新契机,已成为昆虫分类鉴定、植物及其产品的产地检疫和调运检疫以及出入境检验检疫中备受关注的一种新兴技术.本文以重大农林害虫类群介壳虫类、蓟马类、粉虱类和实蝇类等为例,简要介绍DNA条形码技术在农林入侵害虫鉴定和溯源研究中的应用,并对DNA条形码技术的进一步完善进行了探讨和展望.

It is imperative to establish rapid and reliable methods to identify invasive pest insects in plant quarantine. Identification of invasive insects based on morphological characteristics often encounters a variety of complex situations, including immature stages（e.g., egg, larva/nymph, prepupa, and pupa/subnymph）, cryptic species, species complex and damaged sample or debris. All of these situations will limit the rapid and accurate identification of the exotic species. DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I（mt DNA COI） gene has provided a new opportunity for addressing these challenges. It has become one of the emerging techniques in phylogenetic analysis, entry-exit inspection and quarantine as well as in quarantine of plants in the production place and during transportation of products. In the present study, the applications of DNA barcode technique in identifying and tracing invasive insect species in agriculture and forestry were introduced using scale insects, thrips, fruit flies and whiteflies as case studies. Finally, the ways for further improvement of the DNA barcode techniques were proposed and discussed.