叶面施硒对猕猴桃含硒量、镉铅积累及品质的影响

Effects of Foliar Application of Selenium Fertilizer on Selenium Content, Accumulation of Cadmium and Lead,and Fruit Quality of Kiwifruit

以“贵长”猕猴桃为供试材料,通过叶面喷施、叶面喷施＋土壤穴施、土壤穴施方法喷施不同质量浓度的亚硒酸钠,测定分析猕猴桃果实中硒、镉、铅含量及果实品质.结果表明,适宜质量浓度的硒肥能促进猕猴桃果实硒含量的增加、减少猕猴桃对镉和铅的吸收、提高猕猴桃品质.且硒肥能增加猕猴桃含硒量0.002 9～0.050 5 mg/kg;降低6.98%～28.49%的镉和23.46%～51.03%的铅蓄积;较好地改善猕猴桃果实的风味与营养品质,促进果实生长;施硒的综合效果顺序为叶面喷施＋土壤穴施〉叶面喷施〉土壤穴施.在猕猴桃生产中,建议使用5.00～10.00 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液进行叶面喷施或结合土壤穴施的处理方式.

This research was concerned with the effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite applied by foliar spraying, foliar spraying + soil deep-ditch fertilization or soil deep-ditch fertilization on selenium(Se) content, the accumulation of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) and fruit quality in kiwifruits of the cultivar Guichang(Actinidia deliciosa cv. Guichang). The results indicated that the suitable amount of sodium selenite could increase Se content, decrease the absorption of Cd and Pb, and improve fruit quality in kiwifruit. Different concentrations of sodium selenite could significantly increase Se content in kiwifruit by 0.002 9–0.050 5 mg/kg, and notably reduce Cd by 6.98%–28.49% and Pb by 23.46%–51.03%. Moreover, it could promote improvements in the nutritional and exterior quality and fruit yield of kiwifruit. The effect of three fertilization regimes was in the order of foliar spraying + soil deep-ditch fertilization > foliar spraying > soil deep-ditch fertilization, when compared with the control. It was recommend that foliar spraying or foliar spraying + soil deep-ditch fertilization of sodium selenite could be applied on kiwifruit at doses of 5.00–10.00 mg/L.