认知视阈下方位介词off的语义分析

The Semantic Analysis on the Spatial Preposition “off” from the Perspective of Cognition

从认知语言学视域看介词的多义性,词义以典型意义为中心,通过意象图式转换和隐喻映射从空间域拓展到抽象域,从而形成语义链。基于语料库的研究表明,介词off的意象图式是路径图式,典型含义是"从一地到另一地",由意象图式转换形成动态空间含义"下降,脱离"与静态空间含义"距离,接近,终了",并通过隐喻映射形成抽象含义。其空间意义和隐喻意义具备对应关系,动态意义和静态意义具有转换关系。

From the perspective of cognitive semantics, different senses of the spatial word off are attributed to the meaning chain extended from the central meaning by means of image schema and metaphorical mapping. The study based on the corpus reveals that the central meaning of off is ＂from one place to another＂, and its image schema ＂path＂. The former is extended to the other dynamic spatial meaning ＂down＂, ＂removed＂ and static one ＂distance＂, ＂closeness＂, and ＂end＂ by the latter. On such basis, the correspondence between spatial and metaphorical senses, and transformation between dynamic and static senses is further explored.