企业人类学:人类学的第四次革命

Enterprise Anthropology:The Fourth Evolution of Anthropology

企业人类学与人类学的一些分支学科(如医学人类学、教育人类学等)有所不同。这些分支学科以人类学的理论和方法来探讨其他领域的问题或议题(如医学、教育等),成为探究这些领域的辅助知识,却没有改变人类学的研究范式。企业人类学已经形成了自己独特的新研究范式,在当今全球人类学中是一门世界性的前沿学科。企业人类学引入"社会结构转型"理论,作为其新的基础理论,实现了研究范式的转变:突破人类学传统的小社会、小社区视野,学会从整个宏观社会结构的角度看经济社会现象;突破了僵化的"传统—现代"二分法,正在使用"连续谱"的视角;突破了人类学草根的学术传统,深入探索将"自下而上"和"自上而下"两个分析角度有机地结合起来,进一步增强提升本学科解析当代经济社会转型的能力。因此,企业人类学的兴起标志着人类学第四次革命:新的研究范式形成了,其研究范畴扩展和深化了,其学科名称得以整合和统一了,其学术活动和学术成果的国际化程度很高,已创新地形成了一套比较完整的学科知识体系。企业人类学不但打通了中国与西方的学术通道,而且实现了中国和国际人类学的局部突破和学科转型。近些年来,中国和亚洲一些国家和地区的经济崛起和社会转型,使之成为国际人类学新兴的研究园地。

Enterprise Anthropology is very different from other sub-disciplines（such as Business Anthropology,Medical Anthropology）,which they use the theories and methodologies of anthropology to research on other fields（for example,business,medicine and so on）,but do not develop a kind of new paradigm.Enterprise Anthropology has been integrated into an international discipline,which has formed its own new paradigm.It takes ＂Social-economic Transformation＂ theory as its new fundamental theory,and changes its paradigm from an old one into a new one.It has broken through anthropological academic tradition of small society and community studies,and try to analyze economic-social phenomenon from the view of maro-social-structure;It has broken through fossilized ＂tradition-modern＂ dichotomy,and is using continuous spectrum;It has made a breakthrough anthropological tradition of grassroots,and try to combine both ＂bottom-up＂ and ＂top-down＂ approaches together.As a result,it was called the fourth evolution of anthropology：a new research paradigm has been formed,its research category has been extended and deepened,its subject name has been unified,its academic activities and achievements have became international,and established the innovative knowledge of anthropology systematically.Enterprise Anthropology has not only set up a bridge between China and the West,but also has brought about discipline transformation of Anthropology or broken through partly in Anthropology both in China and in the world.In the recent years,China and some regions of Asia have became new engine of world anthropology because of their fast economic growth.