丝绸之路上的阿拉伯,波斯与中国麝香应用比较研究

Comparative Study on the Using of Musk in China,Arab and Persia on the Silk Road

麝香是我国土产珍物,也是很早就被发现、记载、应用最为广泛的稀有昂贵上品药材之一和难得的天然动物香料,应用的历史至少已有两千年。虽然波斯、阿拉伯不出产麝香,但波斯人大概在萨珊王朝已开始使用麝香,有关史料中可见他们大量应用、加工、辨别等记录。麝香曾经是丝绸之路上的重要商品,中古时代的中国与波斯阿拉伯地区交流频繁,由于文化、地域、环境等不同,中国与波斯、阿拉伯在麝香使用方面有较大差别,表现为从麝的认知到麝香作为香料和药物应用的诸多方面。本文试就这些相关疑问进行初步讨论,以就教方家,祈获斧正。

Musk is the indigenous item,it is also the early discovery,records,most widely practical application of one of the top rare expensive medicinal materials and rare natural animal spices,and its application has at least two thousand years of history in China.Although Persia,Arabia does not produce musk,but the Persians probably already started using musk in the Sassanid,the large numbers of applications have been found in historical data,processing,identifying and other records.Musk was once an important commodity on the Silk Road,there were frequent exchanges between medieval China and the Persian Arab region,due to different cultures,geography,environment of China and Persia,Arabia,so the applications of musk were quite different,it is performance in many aspects from the recognition for musk to the applications of musk for spices and medicine.This paper makes some research and discussion on the related question.