不同蜜源蜂蜜的挥发性成分分析

Analysis of Volatile Components in Honeys from Different Nectar Sources

蜂蜜是由蜜蜂从开花植物上采集的花蜜酿造而成,其成分(尤其是挥发性成分)组成在很大程度上取决于蜜源植物的种类。本文采用顶空固相微萃取技术HS-HPME对17种蜜源蜂蜜样品的挥发性成分进行富集,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪GC-MS分析。结果显示:共有79种挥发性成分被鉴别出来,分属于醇类(22.78%)、醛类(17.72%)、芳香类(17.72%)、酯类(16.46%)、酮类(7.59%)、醚类(7.59%)、酸类(5.06%)、酚类(2.53%)、萜烯类(1.27%)和烷烃类(1.27%)。其中苯乙醇在16个样品中被检出,乙酸在15个样品中被检出,糠醛在14个样品中被检出,甲苯和苯甲醛在13个样品中被检出,乙醇在8个样品中被检出。不同蜜源蜂蜜的挥发性成分之间存在明显差异,主要表现在特定物质的种类或含量上。另外,蜂蜜的理化特性、储存条件、加工方式和分析方法及仪器均对其挥发性成分的组成或检测产生影响。

Honey is collected by bees from the nectar of flowering plants after brewing whose compositions of components（especially the volatile components） depend on the varieties of nectariferous plants to a large extent. The volatile components in 17 kinds of honey samples from different nectar sources were concentrated by head space solidphase microextraction HS-SPME and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum GC-MS. The results showed that 79 volatile components were identified in honey samples. These components belong to alcohols（22.78%）, aldehydes（17.72%）, aromatic compounds（17.72%）, esters（16.46%）, ketones（7.59%）, ethers（7.59%）, acids（5.06%）, phenols（3.03%）, terpenes（1.27%） and alkanes（1.27%）. Phenylethanol was detected in 16 samples, acetic acid was detected in15 samples, furfural was detected in 14 samples,toluene and benzaldehyde were detected in 13 samples, ethanol was detected in 8 samples. Volatile components in honeys from different nectar sources have obvious differences that mainly reflected in the species or contents of specific substances. In addition, the composition and detection of the volatile components in honeys were influenced by their physicochemical property, storage condition, processing mode and analysis method and instruments.