施用控释尿素对黑龙江省春玉米产量和效益及氮素利用率的影响

Effect of Controlled-Release Urea on Grain Yield,Profits and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spring Maize

为明确黑龙江省玉米施用控释尿素的效果及适宜比例,通过两年3点次田间试验,研究相同氮肥用量条件下,不同比例包膜控释尿素（100%、75%、60%、45%、30%）与普通尿素混合施用对春玉米产量、经济效益及氮肥效率的影响。结果表明：随着控释氮肥施用比例的增加玉米籽粒产量、经济效益及肥料利用率均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。与100%普通尿素一次性基施相比,控释尿素施用比例100%、75%、60%、45%、30%的处理平均增加玉米产量6.5%、13.9%、13.6%、10.4%和7.3%;增加经济效益108、1 686、1 782、1 371、967元·hm^-2;氮肥农学效率分别增加3.5、7.5、7.4、5.6和3.9kg·kg^-1;氮肥利用率分别增加8.2、14.2、10.5、7.0和3.1百分点。可见,在黑龙江省春玉米生产中,控释尿素与普通尿素混合一次性基施时,以60%-75%的控释尿素施用比例,玉米增产幅度、效益及氮肥效率较高。

The effect of different mixing rate（100%,75%,60%,45%,30%）of controlled-released urea（CRU）and urea（BU）with the equality of nitrogen fertilization every treatment on grain yield,economic profits and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize were studied through three field experiments in two years.The results showed that with the increase of proportion of CRU,grain yield,economic profits and nitrogen use efficiency were increased firstly and then gradually decreased.Compared with 100% BU as basic fertilizer treatment,grain yield of applying CRU with mixing ratio of 100%,75%,60%,45%,30% could be increased by 6.5%,13.9%,13.6%,10.4%,7.3%,respectively;economic profits improved by 108,1 686,1 782,1 371,967yuan·hm^-2,respectively;agriculture N efficiency be increased by 3.5,7.5,7.4,5.6and 3.9kg·kg^-1,respectively;and nitrogen use efficiency be improved by 8.2,14.2,10.5,7.0,3.1percentage point,respectively.This applying fertilizer method could save labor cost of top dressing and mechanical cost,and it could be applied on maize production in Heilongjiang province.The mixing rate of 60% CRU to 75% CRU was benefit to maize yield,profit and nitrogen use efficiency,which should be the appropriate range on spring maizein Heilongjiang province.