氮磷钾不同施肥比例对水稻生长及产量的影响

Effect of Different Proportions of N,P,K on Growth and Yield of Rice

为了促进黑龙江省水稻生产的合理施肥,2015年采用小区试验的方法,在水稻施肥总养分量一致的条件下,设计3种氮磷钾施肥比例,试验测定了植株光合速率、养分积累,考查了植株生长情况,研究不同施肥比例对水稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明:模式2为最佳,施肥总量为尿素266 kg·hm^(-2),磷酸二铵120kg·hm^(-2),硫酸钾158kg·hm^(-2),养分比N∶P2O5∶K2O=2.6∶1.0∶1.4,总养分278kg·hm^(-2)。在该施肥比例条件下,与常规施肥相比,有效促进水稻植株光合,增加植株养分积累,促进水稻植株生长,收获期茎蘖数增加1个·穴^(-1),穗粒数增加3个·穗^(-1),粒重增加1.2g·穴^(-1),谷草比提高0.19,产量增加3.8%,处理间差异未达显著性水平。精米率、整精米率分别提高了1.1%、15.2%,垩白率降低17.8%,改善了稻米品质。

Studied on the effects of the different fertilization proportions on growth and yield of rice by testing the photosynthetic rate,the nutrient accumulation,and the growth situation in the same total nutrient condition and three proportions of N,P,K with plot experiment method,during 2015,in order to promote rational fertilization of rice in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that the model 2was the best,which the total amount of fertilizer was urea 266kg·hm^-2,diammonium phosphate 120kg·hm^-2,potassium sulfate 158kg·hm^-2,and the total nutrient was 278kg·hm^-2 with the proportion of N,P2O5 and K2O was 2.6∶1.0∶1.4.This condition could promote plant photosynthesis effectively,increase plant nutrient accumulation,promote plant growth,tiller number increased 1per hole,grains increased 3per spike,grain weight increased 1.2g per hole,straw ratio increase 0.19,the yield increased by 3.8% and the differences between the treatments did not reach significant level.Improved the quality of rice,milled rice rate and head rice rate increased by 1.1% and15.2%individually,and the chalk rate decreased by 17.8%.