苜蓿、小麦、玉米经济效益比较

Comparison of economic benefit of alfalfa,wheat and maize——A case study in Gansu Province

基于甘肃省5个样本县的调研数据,对农户苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)和玉米(Zea mays)种植的投入和产出、要素产出弹性和要素边际产出进行测算并比较。结果表明,苜蓿在三者中投入最少,玉米产出最高,而苜蓿产出最低;现阶段小麦和玉米处于规模报酬递减阶段而苜蓿处于规模报酬递增阶段,苜蓿产业有很大的上升空间;小麦和玉米各要素边际产量基本趋近于零,苜蓿种子投入和肥料投入的边际产量均远大于零,增加苜蓿种子和肥料投入可实现苜蓿增产。

Based on the investigation in 5counties in Gansu Province,the inputs and outputs,factorial outputs elasticity and marginal outputs of alfalfa（Medicago sativa）,wheat（Triticum aestivum）and maize（Zea mays）at household level were analysed and compared.The results showed that alfalfa had the least inputs,maize and alfalfa had the highest and lowest outputs,respectively.At the moment,wheat and maize were in the stage of decreasing returns to scale,on the contrary,alfalfa was in the stage of increasing returns to scale indicating alfalfa industry had potential improvement.All factors marginal production of wheat and maize closed to zero,in contrast,marginal production of alfalfa were far greater than zero,indicating improvement of seed and fertilizer inputs can increase alfalfa production.