法国碳捕捉与封存技术利用立法及实践

Legislation and Practice of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology Utilizes in France

二氧化碳捕捉与封存(CCS)技术已成为零碳化时代各国减排的关键技术之一,具有重要的商业价值,同时亦存在重大的安全风险。法国积极发展CCS技术有其特殊的欧盟和国内应对气候变化政策背景。法国于2010年通过《环境协商法II》,对CCS技术利用规制建立了基本的法律框架,此后2011年10月31日发布了2011-1411号应对气候变化二氧化碳地质封存行政法令,完成了欧盟CCS指令的转化义务。法国目前已开展了4项CCS研发示范项目,期间,法国多家环境保护协会就CCS项目安全性及许可的合法性向法院提起诉讼。我国应从法国的CCS立法及诉讼实践中获得警示,CCS技术利用立法亟待建立,从而明确二氧化碳定性,并以"激励为主、管制为辅"为立法指导思想,以生命周期理论作为监管的内在逻辑,对公众参与制度作出专门规定。

In the era of zero carbonation,the CCS technology has become one of the major methods to reduce emission in many countries. It has high commercial value,but also significant safety risk. France has been active in developing the CCS technology,which is set against the projects＇ background of EU as well as French policy in response to climate change. In 2010,France established a basic legal framework through ＂Loi de Grenelle de l＇Environnment II＂for regulating the use of CCS technology. On Oct 31,2011,France issued the decree No 2011-1411 on geological storage of carbon dioxide in response to climate change. This completes their obligation to transform the EU CCS Directive. There are four CCS demonstration projects on research and development in France,since the start of which several environmental protection associations have filed lawsuits in court against the projects＇ safety and the legality of their permission. The French practice of CCS legislation and litigation shall shed light on the Chinese experience. Legislative framework to regulate the use of CCS technology must be established soon,clearly defining carbon dioxide,which shall be guided by the mentality of＂incentives first,rules second＂. Also,the regulations should revolve around the logic of the life cycle theory,and offer specific regime for public participation.