DNA水凝胶的制备及生物应用

Preparation and Biological Applications of DNA Hydrogel

DNA具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、分子识别特性、纳米尺寸可控及特异编码等特性。近年来,DNA扮演了多种角色,不仅仅是作为生物体系的遗传物质,同样作为生物材料被用于纳米结构的构建。DNA水凝胶既保持了DNA本来的生物特性又兼具普通凝胶的特性,比如形状可塑性、一定的机械强度、输送物质等特性。DNA水凝胶按照凝胶形成化学键的类型可以分为共价键形成的化学凝胶和非共价键形成的物理凝胶;DNA水凝胶中可以引入特异性响应不同刺激的基团或者序列,从而实现对不同刺激的灵敏性响应进而拓宽DNA水凝胶的应用范围。按照刺激响应性分类可分为p H敏感型、光敏感型、温度敏感型和小分子敏感型等水凝胶。DNA水凝胶的这些特有的性质很好地将DNA纳米技术和生物技术连接起来,为其应用提供了广阔的前景。DNA水凝胶作为一种具有智能响应的材料也越来越多地被应用到生物传感、药物输送、三维细胞培养等方面。本文主要综述了DNA水凝胶的分类以及近几年来DNA水凝胶中的不同刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的制备及其生物应用,最后对其以后的研究前景进行了展望。

DNA possesses characteristics such as excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation, molecular recognition ability,nanoscale controllability and programmability. In recent decades,DNA has taken on an assortment of diverse roles,not only as the central genetic molecule in biological systems but also as generic materials for nanoscale engineering. DNA hydrogel combines the characteristics both from DNA and hydrogel,such as controllable shape,high mechanical strength,materials delivery. The hydrogel formation includes chemical method based formation via covalent bond and physical method based formation via non covalent bond.DNA hydrogel can combine with perssad,molecule or DNA sequence which can be sensitive to incitant stimulating factor in order to expand the application of DNA hydrogel. DNA hydrogel can be sensitive to stimuliresponse,such as p H,light,temperature and small molecules. These novel DNA hydrogels provide a natural bridge between nanotechnology and biotechnology,and this also leads DNA hydrogel to far-ranging real-world applications. Because of this,DNA hydrogel as a smart material has been widely used in biosensor,drug delivery,and three-dimensional cell culture. In this review,we summarize the classification of DNA hydrogel and then give the stimuli-response DNA hydrogel and its biological application. Also,the development prospectof DNA hydrogel is demonstrated.