云南省多民族老年人骨质疏松性骨折和驼背的分析

Epidemiological investigation of osteoporotic fracture and kyphosis in old people of multiple nationalities in Yunnan

为了解云南省各民族老年人骨质疏松的流行病学状况 ,探索防治对策 ,提高老年人的健康素质。采用多点典型抽样对云南省 9地 (州 ) 18个县 (区 )的 2 2个民族 6 4 77名老年人进行骨折、驼背流行病学现状调查、头发微量元素测定及多因素调查分析。骨质疏松 (骨折、驼背 )患病率为14 3% ,其中 :城市 12 1% ,低于农村 15 7% ;男性 11 1% ,低于女性的 17 0 % ;地区以楚雄州最高 ,为2 8 4 % ;民族以苗族居首 ,达 30 1%。吸烟、饮酒、发钙、发锶含量低组OP率高于对照组。年龄越大 ,绝经年龄越早、饮酒、吸烟越多、奶类和肉类食用量少、运动量每天少于 2h、发钙及发锶降低等均易导致骨折、驼背的发生。应采用加强健康教育 ,补充钙剂、加强营养、戒酒、戒烟适当运动以及加强对老年人的安全保护 ,对围绝经期妇女给予激素替代疗法等 ,是降低老年人骨折发生率 ,促进骨骼健康的有效措施。

Objective\ To investigate the epidemiological situation of osteoporosis in the aged of various nationalities in Yunnan, thereby providing basis for prevention of osteoporosis. Methods\ Using multipoint typical sampling, the present situation of the osteoporotic fracture and humpback was investigated and the content of trace elements in the hair was determined, and the factors related to osteoporosis were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. Results\ The fracture and kyphosis rates were 14 3% in all, 12 4% in city, 15 7% in countryside, 11 1% in males and 17 0% in females; the rate was the highest in the Chuxiong Prefecture(28 4%), and in the Miao nationality(30 1%). Conclusion\ Older age, earlier menopause, heavy drinking and smoking, lesser consumption of milk and meat, physical exercise less than 2 hours a day, and less content of calcium and strontium in the hair result in fracture and humpback. The effective measures for reducing incidence of fracture and promoting bone health in the aged are supplementation of calcium, improvement of nutrition, abstinence from tobacco and drinking, a moderate amount of physical exercise, and prevention of falls, and hormone replacement therapy in perimenopausal women.\;