突触形成机理及相关疾病分析

The Mechanism of Synapse Formation and Related Disease

指出了脑基于神经环路连接的复杂性与多样性,成为了最复杂的器官,脑调节日常的行为、意识,维持思维及其他重要的生理活动。化学突触是神经环路的基本单元,细胞粘附分子通过细胞间的蛋白质相互作用参与突触形成,招募突触组分蛋白和骨架蛋白,来形成稳定的突触连接和调节突触的功能。突触形成与成熟异常可导致神经疾病的发生,如自闭症和阿尔茨海默病。综述了突触形成的研究历史,突触形成蛋白和突触形成异常相关疾病,并展望了突触形成研究未来的发展及面临的挑战。

The brain is characterized by an enormous degree of complexity and diversity of neural networks,which makes it one of the most complicated organs,and plays essential roles in regulating body and mind,maintaining thinking and others important physiology actions.Chemical synapses are the basal unite of neural networks,cell adhesion molecules（CAMs）instruct synapse formation through intercellular protein-protein interactions,form stable synaptic connections and regulate synaptic function by recruiting synaptic components and cytoskeleton proteins.Alterations in synapse formation and maturation led to neuropsychiatric disorders including autism and Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.This review summarized the history,varieties of CAMs and related diseases in synapse formation,and also prospected the development and challenge in the future.