论竞争性食品安全监管执法制度

On the Competitive Law Enforcement System of Food Safety Regulation

食品安全监管领域内的竞争性执法是指,通过国家法律规范授权,具备法定条件的公共组织与相应的国家食品安全监管机关之间展开食品安全监管执法比赛;同时,不同的公共组织之间,以及同一公共组织内部成员之间也展开执法资格角逐,并承担相应法律责任的方式。与食品安全监管领域的行政委托、行政授权等执法形式相比,竞争性执法具有独立和明确内涵。设计竞争性执法的理据在于:现行有效的实定法为其提供了规范依据;它具有防止国家食品安全监管机关执法懈怠和腐败,促进食品安全法律得到有效实施功能;它具有自我预防和纠正执法腐败和懈怠功能。为使该项执法形式得以实施,立法者需要为县级以上地方权力机关、公共组织、国家食品安全监管机关和社会公众配置相应的职权(权利)和职责(义务)。

The mean of the competitive law enforcement system in the field of food safety regulation is that, by the delegation of the legal norms of the state,the public organizations with the statutory requirements compete with the appropriate food safety regulatory authorities to enforce the law of food safety regulation, and the different public organizations, as well as the members of the same public organization compete with the law enforcement qualification. They bear the corresponding legal responsibility. Compared with other law enforcement types, in the food safety regulation field such as administration commission, administrative authorization, the competitive law enforcement has a separate and clear connotation. The justifications of designing competitive law enforcement are that： the currently positive law provides a basis for the competitive law enforcement; it has the function of preventing the national food regulatory authorities slack and corruption. It has the function of selLprevention the corruption and slack of law enforcement. In order to be implemented the competitive law enforcement, the food safety lawmakers should design the appropriate authority （the rights） and duties （obligations） for the local authorities of county level, the public organizations, the national food safety regulatory authorities and the public.