四川省达州市疟疾流行概况与防治历程及消除措施评价

Epidemic general situation,control process and evaluation on elimination measures of malaria in Dazhou City,Sichuan

目的了解达州市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,评价消除措施,为疟疾防控提供科学依据。方法收集整理达州市历年疟疾疫情资料和防控材料,对疟疾流行概况与防治历程进行回顾性分析,总结防治过程和评价消除措施。结果 1981—2013年达州市疟疾发病率呈现先上升后下降趋势,1994年发病率达到高峰,随后逐渐下降,2006年以后无本地感染病例,流行周期不复存在;主要传播媒介为中华按蚊;防治过程分为控制疟疾流行、控制传染源为主、基本消除疟疾、巩固并消除疟疾四个阶段,每个阶段均采取了相应的措施。结论达州市达到了国家消除疟疾标准;但输入性病例风险存在,应完善长效防控机制,加强宣传教育和流动人员的疟疾防治工作,加强消除疟疾后监测并及时处置输入性疫情,巩固消除疟疾成果。

Objective To understand the epidemic general situation and control process,and evaluate the eliminationmeasures of malaria in Dazhou City,so as to provide the evidence for improving malaria prevention and control. Methods The data of malaria prevalence and control measures in Dazhou City from 1981 to 2013 were collected and retrospectivelyanalyzed. Then,the process of prevention and treatment of malaria was summarized and the malaria elimination measures wereevaluated. Results The incidence of malaria firstly rose and then declined. The incidence reached a peak in 1994,and thengradually declined. No local malaria cases were found and therefore the prevalence cycles ceased after 2006. The major vectorof malaria transmission was Anopheles sinensis. The control process was divided into four stages： the control of malariaprevalence,control of infection sources principally,the elementary elimination of malaria,and the consolidation andelimination of malaria. The corresponding measures were taken in each stage. Conclusion The national standard of malariaelimination has been reached in Dazhou City. However,the imported malaria risks still exist. Therefore,the long- termstrategies of malaria control should be improved,including strengthening the health education on malaria prevention andcontrol to migrating population,malaria surveillance and so on.