四川省万源市疟疾流行情况和防治消除措施及效果

Malaria epidemic situation and measures of prevention and elimination and their effects in Wanyuan City of Sichuan Province

目的了解万源市疟疾的流行特点和趋势及防治历程,科学评价消除疟疾的措施,为制定消除巩固维持对策和措施提供依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对万源市疟疾流行特点及消除疟疾的措施进行分析评价。结果1951—2015年共发生疟疾15 061例,年均发病率5.9/万,资料完整的10 908例;发病高峰在1961年,发病数为3 585例（143.45/万）,流行的虫种主要是间日疟10 904例,占99.96%,1995年以后主要是恶性疟（输入性）,仅4例,占0.04%;流行季节是4—9月,占92.70%;发病年龄以10-39岁为多,占68.05%;男女性别比为1.48：1。职业以农民为主,8 071例,占73.99%。先后采取了＂以控制传染源为主,结合防蚊灭蚊、预防服药保护健康人群＂,＂管理流动人口、加强疫情监测＂等综合性防治措施,于1990年达到了基本消灭疟疾的标准;于2014年达到了消除疟疾标准。结论当前万源市的疟疾已不会构成严重的公共卫生问题,但输入性疟疾形势严峻,仍应做好流动人口管理,继续开展疟疾的监测工作。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics,trend and control course of malaria and evaluate theelimination measures,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategy and measures to consolidate the achievementsand eliminate malaria in Wanyuan City,Sichuan Province. Methods The descriptive epidemiology method was used toanalyze the malaria epidemic characteristics and elimination measures and evaluate the effects in Wanyuan City. Results Atotal of 15 061 malaria cases occurred from 1951 to 2015. The average annual incidence rate was 5.9/10 000,and the numberof patients with complete data was 10 908. The prevalence peak was in 1961,and the incidence was 143.45/10 000（3 585cases）. The main species was Plasmodium vivax（10 904 cases）,accounting for 99.96%. After 1995,the main species was P.falciparum（4 imported cases）,accounting for 0.04%. The main epidemic season was from April to September,accounting for92.70%. The main age groups of malaria incidence were 10-39 years,accounting for 68.05%. The sex ratio was 1.48：1. Themain occupation of malaria was farmer（8 071 cases）,accounting for 73.99%. The comprehensive prevention and controlmeasures included ＂To control the infectious source combined with the mosquito control and medicine prevention＂ and ＂strengthening the migrating population management and epidemic monitoring＂. In 1990,Wanyuan City reached the criteria ofbasic elimination of malaria,and in 2014 reached the criteria of elimination of malaria. Conclusion Now,malaria has not aserious public health problem in Wanyuan City. However,the imported malaria situation is still serious,and the migratingpopulation management and malaria monitoring still should be strengthened.