浙江省舟山市疟疾流行概况与防治历程及消除疟疾措施评价

Epidemiological status,control process and evaluation of measures for malaria elimination in Zhoushan City,Zhejiang Province

目的分析舟山市疟疾流行概况,描述疟疾防治历程,评价消除疟疾措施及效果,为消除疟疾行动计划实施和消除疟疾后监测提供科学依据。方法收集、整理、分析1950—2012年舟山市疟疾防治工作资料。结果舟山市以间日疟流行为主,中华按蚊为主要传播媒介。历史上共发生过四次流行高峰,1968年发病率达到1 864.90/10万。经过采取控制传染源和传播媒介防制等综合性措施,疟疾流行呈现逐步下降趋势,2009年以来无本地病例发生。2010年起开展消除疟疾行动,发现输入性恶性疟6例,输入性间日疟2例。2012年达到消除疟疾标准,完成省级消除疟疾考核。结论舟山市在不同的时期采取的疟疾防治措施取得了显著的成效,消除疟疾行动有力地推动了疟疾防治工作,同时需要积极应对消除疟疾后的防控工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological status of malaria,describe the control process,evaluate the effectof measures of malaria elimination in Zhoushan City,so as to provide the evidence for the implementation of＂Plan of Action forthe Elimination of Malaria＂and the surveillance after malaria has been eliminated. Methods The data of malaria control inZhoushan City were collected and analyzed between 1950 and 2012. Results There was mainly Plasmodium vivax malariaepidemic and Anopheles sinensis was the major vector in Zhoushan City. There were four malaria epidemics in the history; theincidence was 1 864.90/100 000 in 1968. After taking the comprehensive measures,such as infection source control and vectorcontrol,the malaria epidemic was gradually reduced,and there were no local malaria cases since 2009. Since malariaelimination action was carried out in 2010,there were 6 imported P. falciparum malaria cases and 2 imported P. vivax malariacases found. All the results met the criteria of malaria elimination in 2012,when the provincial evaluation was completed.Conclusion A remarkable effects of the control measures have been made at different stages in Zhoushan City. The action ofmalaria elimination has forcefully promoted the work of prevention and control of malaria. However,the malaria surveillanceand prevention and control work still should be strengthened after the malaria elimination.