中耳胆脂瘤研究进展

Research progress of cholesteatoma of the middle ear

中耳胆脂瘤是耳鼻咽喉科较为常见的一种慢性中耳疾病，长期外耳道流脓、鼓膜穿孔、听力下降为其主要特点，它对周围组织具有侵袭性，易引起中耳传音结构的破坏和骨质吸收，进而引起面瘫、迷路炎、耳后骨膜下脓肿及各种颅内外并发症。中耳胆脂瘤的病因及发病机制复杂，治疗方法的疗效争议较多。本文主要将近年来关于中耳胆脂瘤的病因、发病机制及治疗进展进行综述。

Otitis media is the most common middle ear disease,caused by a bacterial or viral infection. It can be divided into 4 types in the clinical： secretory otitis media, suppurative otitis media, middle ear cholesteatoma, and special type of otitis media. Middle ear cholesteatoma is a common chronic middle ear disease in otorhinolaryngology, long-term discharging ear canal and tympanic membrane perforation, hearing loss as its main characteristics. It is invasive to the surrounding tissue, which can cause middle ear acoustic structure destruction and bone absorption easily. It can also cause paralysis, labyrinthine inflammation, retroauri cular subperiosteal abscess, a variety of extracranial and intracranial complications. The etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma is very complex,and the curative effect for the treatment is controversial. In this paper, the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of cholesteatoma in recent years will be reviewed.