摘要
[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of cultivation and seed reservation methods on quality and disease/insect damages of maca seed in cold highland areas,providing scientific references for cultivation and seed reservation and planning of maca vareity.[Method] Yellow,purple and black maca were selected and cultivated in the region with an elevation of 3 000 m to be experimental materials and cultivation and seed reservation methods were as follows：maca seed reservation in situ,seed reservation in original soils maca grown after selection of maca balls,and seed reservation in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m after selection of maca ball,seed reservation in greenhouses in the region with an elevation of 2 400 m after selection of maca ball,and growing selected balls in greenhouses and transplanting to the farmlands with an elevation of 2 400 m.[Result] The cultivation and seed reservation methods had significant or extremely significant effects on maca phenological phase;maca in different colors were treated by different cultivation and seed reservation methods,showing insignificant effects on disease and insect damages.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that the selected maca balls stored for 15 d as per the method grown in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m will improve seed quality and reduce disease or insect damages.
[目的]研究高寒山区春季玛咖种植条件下,不同栽培留种方式对不同类型玛咖种子质量和病虫害的影响,为适宜栽培留种方式及玛咖品种类型规划提供科学依据。[方法]以玛咖主流栽培"黄色玛咖"、"紫色玛咖"、"黑色玛咖"并栽培在海拔3 000 m的种球为材料,采用玛咖植株原地育种(海拔3 000 m)、玛咖根球分选后贮藏30 d后栽培于原玛咖种植土壤海拔3 000 m处留种、玛咖根球分选后贮藏15d后栽培于海拔2 700 m处留种、玛咖根球分选后在2 400 m温棚内栽培留种、玛咖根球分选好种株栽培在温棚内待其发芽再栽培于海拔2 400 m的大田处育种5种栽培留种方式,系统比较不同栽培留种方式对玛咖物候期、千粒重、发芽率、种子产量和病虫害的影响。[结果]不同栽培留种方式对玛咖物候期的影响差异达到显著或极显著水平;不同颜色品种玛咖经过不同栽培留种方式对种子千粒重、产量和发芽率的影响差异达到显著或极显著水平;不同颜色品种间玛咖经过不同栽培留种方式对病虫害的影响差异不显著,不同栽培留种方式对病虫害影响差异达到显著或极显著水平。[结论]不同栽培留种方式对玛咖物候期、千粒重、发芽率、种子产量和病虫害的影响结果分析,认为玛咖根球分选后贮藏于15 d后栽培在海拔为2 700 m处留种,有利于提高玛咖种子质量和减少病虫害。
基金
云南省省级财政发展生物产业专项"玛咖良种苗繁育及规范化种植示范基地建设"(云财农[2015]189号)~~
