试论建筑形制考古类型学研究成果对碳十四测年数据分析的关键性作用——以山西万荣稷王庙大殿为例

The Studies by Architectural Style Archaeological Typology is Crucial to Interpretation of Carbon 14 Dating Data:The Case Study of Jiwang Temple in Wanrong County of Shanxi Province

山西万荣稷王庙为晋南地区一座重要的后稷民间信仰的庙宇。2009年,作者曾以建筑形制考古类型学的研究方法,判定其大殿为北宋中前期建筑,下限不晚于北宋熙宁。这一由建筑形制研究得出的结论被随后开展的诸项研究成果所佐证,特别是2011年稷王庙大殿北宋"天圣"题记的发现,为绝对年代的判定提供了关键证据。但针对稷王庙大殿的建造年代判定,目前学术界仍存在不同认识,尤其是在对稷王庙大殿碳十四测年数据的解读上,存在建于唐代和建于北宋的两种观点。本文以稷王庙大殿为例,探讨建筑形制考古类型学研究成果对解读碳十四测年数据的关键性作用,以明确碳十四测年技术在中国古代建筑测年上的使用规则和研究潜力。

Jiwang Temple of Wanrong County used to be the place to worship Hou Ji for the people of southern Shanxi Province. The field sur vey with the method of architectural style archaeological typology in 2009 dated the main hall of the temple back to the period between the early middle and Xining's regime of the Northern Song dynasty. The judgment has been supported by follow-up research results, the most valuable of which is the discovery of the Northern Song inscription of 天圣(Tiān Shèng) that offers crucial evidence for judging the age of the structure in spite of the arguments among the scholars. What is indicated by the result of carbon-14 dating the main hall of the temple is under discussion, some believes it was built in the Tang dynasty, but the other judges it to be born in the Northern-Song dynasty. Based on the case study, the thesis intends to demonstrate how much architectural style archaeological typology method works for explaining the data from Carbon-14 dating and how the techniques are applied to dating the historical architecture of China.