广东省嗜人按蚊分布区疟疾防治后期监测方法研究

STUDY OF MALARIA SURVEILLANCE METHODS AT THE LATE-STAGE OF MALARIA CONTROL IN THE ANOPHELES ANTHROPOPHAGUS AREAS IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

目的 探讨嗜人按蚊分布区疟疾防治后期流行病学特点和简化疟疾监测方法的可行性。 方法 选择广东省有嗜人按蚊分布的 12个市、县作为观察点。每个市、县重点抓“三热”病人血检、现症病人根治和媒介按蚊监测。对输入性病例疫点不作任何处理 ,只进行现症病人根治 ;对原发和输入继发病例除现症病人根治外 ,病人家属需进行假定性治疗。结果 广东省 12个嗜人按蚊分布区的市、县 ,4年居民平均血检率为 0 .5 4 % ,疟原虫平均阳性率为 0 .35 % ,血检数量虽然由人口总数的 5 %减少至 0 .5 4 % ,但每年疟疾年发病率都是稳中有降 ,没有暴发流行点出现。广东省嗜人按蚊吸血习性通过加权校正 ,吸人血比例为 6 8.2 % ,吸牛血比例为 31.8%。 4年所发现的 16 78例疟疾病例均呈散发性 ,平均每个疫点仅 1.14个 ,各病例之间无必然联系。 结论 在广东省嗜人按蚊分布区疟疾防治后期 ,疟疾的监测方法完全可以简化为只进行“三热”病人血检和现症病人根治。血检数量为人口总数的 0 .5

Objective To study the features of malaria epidemiology and the possibility of simplified surveillance methods at the late stage of malaria control in the Anopheles anthropophagus areas. Methods The twelve counties where An. anthropophagus existed were selected for the study in Guangdong Province. Blood tests of three kinds of fever patients, radical treatment of malaria patients and mosquito surveillance were carried out emphatically, epidemic places of imported malaria cases were not disposed, treated. The family members of original and imported malaria cases were treated presumably besides radical treatment of malaria patients. Results The mean blood test rate was 0.54% in the twelve counties, the mean plasmodium positive rate was 0.35%. The blood test numbers was less than 5% of the total population before simplified malaria surveillance was carried out, but the annual incidences of malaria decreased steadily after implementation of simplified surveillance, no malaria outbreaks and no malaria epidemics happened. The sucking human blood ratio and sucking cattle blood ratio of An. Anthropophagus were 68.2% and 31.8% respectively in the areas. 1 678 malaria cases were sporadic in the four years, the mean number of malaria cases was 1.14 in every epidemic areas, there were no relations among the malaria cases. Conclusion At the late stage of malaria control in the An. anthropophagus areas, the malaria surveillance method can be simplified to blood tests of three kinds of fever patients and radical treatment of malaria patients, it is appropriate that the blood test number accounts for 0.5% of the total population.