西北少数民族地区区域经济差异与协调发展--以新疆为例

Regional Economic Differences and Coordinated Development in Northwest Minority Areas: Taking Xinjiang as an Example

对我国西北少数民族地区(新疆、甘肃、宁夏、青海)区内经济差异的演变规律进行研究表明:新疆、甘肃、青海的区内经济差异在对口支援和扶贫开发期间呈逐年缩小趋势,而宁夏由于扶贫开发模式及力度所限,其经济差异呈水平较平缓的波浪式轨迹变化且程度要低于另外三省;西北少数民族地区人均GDP的绝对差异呈逐渐扩大趋势,在1994-2002年间差异扩大较为缓慢,2002年后迅速扩大。新疆总差异和区内差异呈大致相似的变化趋势,且总差异、区间和区内差异均在2010年对口援疆启动后呈逐年下降趋势,且下降程度十分明显。针对缩小西北少数民族地区区内经济差异、实现区域协调发展的对策建议是:依托西部大开发和对口支援政策,优化投资结构,增强"自我造血"功能;强化智力援建机制,加大力度改善民族地区就业难现状;缩小民族地区区内城镇化水平差异,积极推动新型城镇化;坚持精准制定和精准实施脱贫,开拓因地制宜的扶贫路径模式;加强政府宏观调控能力,建立区域经济差异预警机制;抓住丝绸之路经济带战略的重大机遇,加快落后地区发展。

After an examination of the rules behind the evolution of economic differences in northwest minority ar- eas （Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai）, this paper finds that the economic disparity within Xinjiang, Gansu, and Qinghai is decreasing every year since the partner assistance and poverty alleviation policy was launched. However, due to the limited patterns and dynamics of poverty alleviation practice in Ningxia, the regional economic differences within its border show a relatively gentle wavy trajectory and their change is lower than that of the other three provinces. The absolute difference of per capita GDP in northwest minority areas is gradually expanding; this expansion was relatively slow between 1994 and 2002, but picked up its speed rapidly after 2002. The overall differences within Xinjiang and the regional differences are similar in their trend. Xinjiang＇ s overall economic differences, inter-regional and intra-regional differences have been reduced dramatically every year since the partner assistance program for Xinjiang was launched in 2010. The tentative suggestion this paper would like to give in order to reduce the differences of regional economic de- velopment and to promote coordinated regional development is that these areas should take full advantage of the develop- ment plan for the west of China and partner assistance policy. These areas should optimize investment structure, and in- crease their ＂hematopoietic ability.＂ They should focus on the intellectual part of the assistance policy, and improve the employment status in minority areas; they should narrow the regional differences in the level of urbanization, and active- ly promote new urbanization; they should accurately make and execute poverty reduction policies and creatively expand the appropriate ways to reduce poverty; they should strengthen the government＇s macro-control ability and establish warning mechanisms to detect increasing regional economic differences; they should, finally, seize the great chance brought about by the Silk Road Economic Belt Strategy and accelerate the development of less-developed regions.