体育旅游:项目属性诠释与系统优化

Sports Tourism: Project Property Interpretation and System Optimization

体育旅游具有项目属性,要通过项目管理对事件分类、排序,使管理活动有序展开。作为一种管理框架和控制系统,体育旅游项目既要求交付项目成果的中间产品——阶段性的项目目标,又要求交付终端产品——项目的最终目标。体育旅游系统包括旅游地、中介体和客源市场三个子系统,通过层级指标分析和层级结构模型应用,可同时实现项目的体育性、文化性、经济性和社会协调性,有利于体育旅游项目的发展并提高其贡献值。基于系统"内聚"与"离心"作用的分析,作为优化系统的基本策略,建议加强前馈、过程、反馈控制,激活各要素间的互补反应,实现系统信息的对称性与明晰化,提升项目延展性与灵活性,尽力实现内聚作用大于离心作用的状态。

Sports tourism has project properties and renders management activities by classifying and sorting e- vents through project management. As a management framework and control system, sports tourism projects are re- quired to provide both intermediate project achievement products （periodic project goals） and terminal project a- chievement products （ ultimate project goals）. Sports tourism system consists of three subsystems, i. e. , tourism des- tination, intermediary and tourist market, which can, by adopting hierarchical index analysis and hierarchical struc- ture models, realize simultaneously the project functions of sports, culture, economy and social coordination and pro- mote their development and contribution value. Based on a function analysis of the system~ cohesion and centrifuge, it is suggested that the control of forward feed, process and feedback be strengthened, the complementary reactions between each factor be intensified, the symmetry and clarity of information system be realized, and the extensibility and flexibility of the projects be improved so as to achieve the state of ＂ cohesive effects overweighing centrifugal effects＂.