自动变速器的液力变矩器变矩原理研究

The Study on the Torgue Principle of hydraulic torque converter of Automatic Transmission

汽车自动变速器中的液力变矩器,不仅能传递转矩,还能改变转矩。对于液力变矩器的变矩原理,目前汽车工程类图书中有三种不同的物理解释:导论的反作用力矩直接作用到泵轮说、涡轮说和同时作用到泵轮涡轮说。根据流体力学基本理论,分析工作轮转矩的生成机理和流体的输运性质,上述3种观点都不够准确严谨。通过对动量矩、欧拉涡轮机和转矩平衡三个方程的推导,简要论证了液力变矩器的变矩原理,以澄清基本概念。

Hydraulic torque converter of Automatic Transmission does not only can convey torgue, but also can transfer torgue. At present, there is three kinds of physics interpretaions in the books of automotive engineering published for the Torgue Principle of hydraulic torque converter： one is that reaction torgue of guide wheel affects directly pump blade, another is turbo, and the third is pump blade and turbo. In the light of hydrodynamics theory, the analysis of generation mechanism of torgue of rolling wheel, transmission properties, the three interpretaions above are not very accurate and rigorous. This paper briefly demostrates the torgu principle to make the basic concept clear by means of deriving three equations of torque and angular momentum, Euler turbine and torgue balance.