谱牒纷争所见明清徽州小姓与望族的冲突

Small Families in Conflict with Prominent Families of Huizhou Area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Exhibited in Genealogy Disputes

记录血统源流的谱牒其实是一纸"出身符",而谋买谱牒则是徽州小姓企图获得望族血统以改变身份地位的一种手段,暴露了小姓与望族之间天壤之别的生存状态和激烈的矛盾冲突。造成小姓与望族持续冲突的根源,是封建宗法制度所实行的身份等级制度。清政府对主仆名分法律进行了多次调整,但在多重因素影响下其实际成效有限。只要导致身份等级制度产生和顽固残存的特定历史条件一息尚存,小姓与望族之间的冲突就势必持续下去。

Buying genealogy was the means for small families in Huizhou to change their social status by becoming prominent families by descent,which exhibited the sharp differences between small families and prominent ones in living conditions and their fierce conflicts as a result of hierarchy in status within feudal patriarchal system. The Qing government revised the law of master and servant several times,but its actual effectiveness was limited due to various reasons. As long as the historical conditions that led to the hierarchy in status lasted,their conflicts would never cease.