组织中的权力分配与组织沉默--组织政治知觉的中介作用

The Power Distribution and the Organizational Silence:the Intermediary Role of Organizational Political Cconsciousness

本文探究组织的权力分配模式和结果对组织沉默的影响及其过程。以863位员工为样本,采用结构方程模型等统计分析方法,分析了以工作自主权、组织集权度为代表的组织权力分配对组织沉默的影响和组织政治知觉在此过程中的中介作用。结果表明,工作自主权和组织沉默存在显著的负相关关系;组织集权度与组织沉默存在显著的正相关关系;工作自主权和组织政治知觉为显著的负相关关系,组织集权度和组织政治知觉为显著的正相关关系;组织政治知觉在权力分配模式影响组织沉默的过程中起中介作用。最后,针对企业如何减少员工的组织沉默提出了对策和建议。

Organizational silence is defined as when Employees have ideas,information,and opinions for constructive ways to improve work and work organizations,but they engage in silence and withhold their ideas,information,and opinions. ＂Silence is gold＂ is an widely known Chinese common saying,In many cases,silence can bring benefits,such as reducing conflict,maintaining harmony,rapid decision-making.In general,the organizational silence is very common,especially in Chinese culture,in which the Confucian and the doctrine of the mean are valued and respected.But from the perspective of organizational management, ＂ silence is not gold＂.Organizational silence can make employees feel neglected and cognitive disorders and ultimately lead to job burnout and other withdrawal reactions.Organizational silence may also hinder the organization of information exchange and communication process of organizational decision making,obstruct the organizational innovation and destroy the organization atmosphere.Due to the non- language features of the organizational silence,clearly understanding of organizational silence phenomenon,especially its generation process become more and more important to manage and control the organizational silence,which in turn Put forward the demand for the academic field of organizational silence formation（Morrison,2014,2010）.The existing research have explored the influence of individual factors,leadership factors and organizational trust atmosphere on Organizational Silence,but the process of organization silence formation is still deficient,,due to organizational silence is formed under the specific circumstances,more organizational factors are necessary to be brought in to reveal the processes.Power is the most fundamental concept in the organization,and it is infiltrated into every corner of the organization.Power in an organization was defined as the resources control of official power,including the share of information,authority and allocation of resources,and also consist of helping staff develop relevant skills and self- management ability.According to the authorization theory,the distribution of power within the organization not only determines the mode of operation of the organization,fundamentally shape organizational culture,influence the employees＇ perception of organizational,so as to further determine the behavior of employees.Politics and power seem to have been born,in the west,the Italian political scientist Machiavelli defined political essence as to acquire and maintain power in 16 th century.Max Weber argued that politics is to share the power and influence of the power distribution（Zhang Xihu,2006）. ＂The organization is the political arena,as long as there are organizations,political activities will be generated＂（Mintzberg,1985）.Based on the theory of resource protection,individual ＇s silence is due to the need to protect themselves,therefore,organizational silence itself is some kind of organizational political behavior（Yong Yue Wang,2014）.The situated focus theory of power（Guinote,2007） points out that the power increases the variability in different situations in peoples cognition and behavior,make the individual more flexible and effective adaptation.these findings suggest that from the perspective of power,mode and result of distribution of power will produce a corresponding political behavior in organizations,and the perception of organizational politics may be the main cause of being organizational silence.This paper explored the organization silence and its process in the specific organizational climate and organizational environment of state- owned enterprise,using the data of 863 employees,structural equation model was constructed to analyze the impact of job autonomy,centralization on the organizational silence and the mediation role of political consciousness in the process.The results showed that there is significant negative correlation between the work autonomy and the organizational silence;political consciousness played an intermediary role in the formation mechanism of organizational silence.