落叶松鲜针叶精油的化学成分及杀虫活性研究

Chemical Constituents and Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oil of Larix gmelinii( Ruprecht) Kuzeneva Fresh Needle Leaves

采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法以正己烷为溶剂提取落叶松鲜针叶精油,并对其进行了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,研究了落叶松鲜针叶精油与松木屑木醋液复配物对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的杀虫活性。结果表明:落叶松鲜针叶精油得率为0.93%,共鉴定出63种成分,总GC含量为98.11%,GC含量最高的化合物为3-蒈烯(12.13%),其次是2,4-二(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)苯酚(10.71%)。雌舞毒蛾引诱剂(+)-(7R,8S)-7,8-环氧-2-甲基十八烷的GC含量为0.10%。落叶松鲜针叶精油-木醋液(体积比1∶9,稀释至原体积5倍)对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫喷雾法杀虫活性实验的校正死亡率24 h达到83.33%,优于木醋液5倍稀释液,且72 h内无变化。落叶松鲜针叶精油与松木屑木醋液复配能起到增效作用。

Essential oils of Larix gmelinii（ Ruprecht） Kuzeneva fresh needle leaves were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction（ SDE） method with hexane as solvent and analysized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（ GC-MS）. The insecticidal activities of the mixture and pine sawdust wood vinegar on Lymantria dispar 2nd instar larvae were studied. The results showed that the yield of essential oil was 0. 93 %,and 63 components were identificated with the GC content of 98. 11 %. The highest GC content compound was 3-carene（ 12. 13 %）,and the second was 2,4-bis（ 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl）-phenol（ 10. 71%）. The GC content of disparlure,（ ＋）-（ 7R,8S）-7,8-epoxy-2-methyl-octadecane,was 0. 10 %. The corrected mortality of five times distilled water of mixture of essential oils of Larix gmelinii fresh needle leaves and pine sawdust wood vinegar（ volume fraction 1∶ 9） on Lymantria dispar 2nd instar larvae was 83. 33 % in 24 h by spraying method insecticidal activity experiment. It＇s better than to that of wood vinegar liquid five times dilution,and it kept invariant for 72 h. The insecticidal activity of pine sawdust wood vinegar was enhanced by mixing with the essential oils.